The Bijagos Islands in Guinea-Bissau are home to the Bijagos people, a community characterized by matriarchal structures and consisting of approximately 30,000 individuals. Women play a significant role: they often choose their husbands, own the houses, lead the families, and organize the work. The Bijagos believe in the omnipresence of spirits and particularly venerate old trees, around which special ceremonies are organized. Additionally, women oversee the important task of guiding the souls of the deceased to heaven.

A traditional ritual among the Bijagos is the Fanado. During this ritual, men and women separate and retreat to sacred forests, accompanied by experienced elders, to undergo secret shamanistic ceremonies and invocations. During this time, they avoid all contact with the opposite sex for six months to four years. As a symbol of completing the ritual, different patterns are carved into the skin, which are treated daily with palm oil until they are fully healed. Generally, men bear smaller markings than women. The goal of the Fanado is to establish a spiritual connection and promote personal growth. It is an intense ritual that brings physical and emotional challenges. However, those who survive it are highly respected in the community and receive a higher social status.